{"id":3573,"date":"2021-04-20T21:33:09","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T21:33:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mezeviris.gr\/uncategorized\/3-4-sinantisi-tis-12is-oktobriou-1940\/"},"modified":"2021-05-24T08:45:19","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T08:45:19","slug":"3-4-sinantisi-tis-12is-oktobriou-1940","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mezeviris.gr\/en\/the-naval-war-of-the-mediterranean-1939-1945\/3-4-sinantisi-tis-12is-oktobriou-1940\/","title":{"rendered":"3.4 The encounter of October 12, 1940"},"content":{"rendered":"

“This encounter presents an interesting example of a night attack of destroyers against an isolated cruiser, with very nasty results for the attackers.<\/p>\n

The British had escorted with the entire Fleet of Alexandria a convoy to Malta and had not been annoyed by the enemy.\u00a0\u00a0An enemy civil airplane had detected on October 11 the presence of the convoy at about 100 miles South East of Malta and had informed accordingly. The Italian Air force however, failed to locate it in the course of the remaining day.<\/p>\n

With the prospect that the ships that had reached Malta was probable to depart the night of October 11 \u201312, the Italians established a night patrol east of Malta with 4 destroyers and 3 escort destroyers.\u00a0\u00a0The British naval force left indeed Malta that very night escorting a small convoy to Alexandria and one of her cruisers, the\u00a0HMS AJAX<\/strong>, that was sailing north came into contact with the 3 Italian escort destroyers.<\/p>\n

\"\"HMS AJAX<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Italian ships approached at close range the cruiser, attacked with their torpedoes and at the same time fired their guns. The\u00a0AJAX<\/b>\u00a0with able maneuvering avoided the torpedoes but suffered serious damages from the artillery shells, while from the 3 attacking destroyers the\u00a0R<\/b><\/span>.<\/span><\/b>N<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>AIRONE<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>and\u00a0<\/b><\/span>R<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>N<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>ARIEL<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/b>sunk.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"RN AIRONE<\/strong><\/p>\n

In the meantime, 4 more Italian destroyers arrived.\u00a0\u00a0HMS AJAX<\/b>\u00a0detected with her radar one of them, the\u00a0<\/span>R<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>N<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>ARTIGLIERE,\u00a0<\/span><\/b>and with a preemptive hit immobilized the Italian ship, before the destroyer had time to launch her torpedoes. Another Italian destroyer, the\u00a0R<\/b><\/span>.<\/span><\/b>N<\/span>.<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>AVIERE,\u00a0<\/span><\/b>was also hit by the\u00a0AJAX<\/b>\u00a0and also didn\u2019t launch her torpedoes, because the British cruiser changed course and interrupted the battle.\u00a0\u00a0Thus, the 2 remaining destroyers didn\u2019t take any part in the battle.\u00a0\u00a0One of them towed the\u00a0ARTIGLIERE,\u00a0<\/b>but next morning they received continuous air attacks and when 2 British cruisers and 2 destroyers appeared the destroyer that was towing interrupted the tow and escaped.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"RN ARTIGLIERE<\/strong><\/p>\n

The British cruiser HMS\u00a0<\/strong>YORK<\/strong>\u00a0then sunk the\u00a0ARTIGLIERE,\u00a0<\/strong>the\u00a0towed boat, by launching a torpedo after her crew had boarded the lifeboats the cruiser had thrown.\u00a0\u00a0A cruiser squadron that the Italians later sent did not succeed to contact the\u00a0YORK<\/strong>\u00a0squadron.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\n<\/strong>HMS YORK<\/strong><\/p>\n

Admiral Cunningham narrates that the Italian destroyers had fought fiercely but, as the Italian side also recognizes it, were not sufficiently prepared for a night battle.\u00a0\u00a0There is no doubt that\u00a0AJAX<\/strong>\u2019s radar had significantly contributed to the very unfavourable for the Italians result of this battle. It is worthwhile noting that it was only after the battle of Cape Tainaron, in March 1941, that the Italians realized that the British ships disposed advanced radio-detection equipment.<\/p>\n

In that case also, the Italian Supreme Command of the Navy didn\u2019t aim at giving a battle against the British Fleet with the main force of the Italian Fleet.\u00a0\u00a0In the morning of the day of the battle, upon receiving the first report, the Italian Fleet was ordered to stand by for departure.\u00a0\u00a0This order was however canceled when it was determined that the British Fleet was sailing in the Middle of the Mediterranean, returning to Alexandria.<\/p>\n

A posteriori, the Italian themselves admit that if their Fleet had sailed they would have had good chances to encounter the British force, because the next morning the Italian reconnaissance had detected her west of Crete.<\/p>\n

As counterpart of the loss of the 3 destroyers and the damages suffered by a fourth one, the Italian Air force attacked with bombers and torpedo planes the British fleet that was returning to Alexandria and had registered a success.\u00a0\u00a0She hit the British cruiser\u00a0HMS<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>LIVERPOOL\u00a0<\/strong>with a torpedo that cut-off her prow.\u00a0\u00a0The cruiser was then safely towed to Alexandria.\u00a0\u00a0On the other hand, the Italian bombers attacked once more, unsuccessfully, the Italian cruiser squadron that was returning to her base.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"HMS LIVERPOOL<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3172,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[142],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-naval-war-of-the-mediterranean-1939-1945"],"yoast_head":"\n3.4 The encounter of October 12, 1940 - \u039d\u0391\u03a5\u0391\u03a1\u03a7\u039f\u03a3 \u0393\u03a1\u0397\u0393\u039f\u03a1\u0399\u039f\u03a3 \u039c\u0395\u0396\u0395\u0392\u0399\u03a1\u0397\u03a3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mezeviris.gr\/en\/the-naval-war-of-the-mediterranean-1939-1945\/3-4-sinantisi-tis-12is-oktobriou-1940\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"3.4 The encounter of October 12, 1940 - 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